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Neuro Symbolic AI: Enhancing Common Sense in AI

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Symbolic artificial intelligence Wikipedia Those symbols are connected by links, representing the composition, correlation, causality, or other relationships between them, forming a deep, hierarchical symbolic network structure. Powered by such a structure, the DSN model is expected to learn like humans, because of its unique characteristics. Second, it can learn symbols from the world and construct the deep symbolic networks automatically, by utilizing the fact that real world objects have been naturally separated by singularities. In symbolic reasoning, the rules are created through human intervention and then hard-coded into a static program. In NLP, symbolic AI contributes to machine translation, question answering, and information retrieval by interpreting text. For knowledge representation, it underpins expert systems and decision support systems, organizing and accessing information efficiently. In planning, symbolic AI is crucial for robotics and automated systems, generating sequences of actions to meet objectives. What is a Logical Neural Network? Basic computations of the network include predicting high-level objects and their properties from low-level objects and binding/aggregating relevant objects together. These computations operate at a more fundamental level than convolutions, capturing convolution as a special case while being significantly more general than it. All operations are executed in an input-driven fashion, thus sparsity and dynamic computation per sample are naturally supported, complementing recent popular ideas of dynamic networks and may enable new types of hardware accelerations. Many leading scientists believe that symbolic reasoning will continue to remain a very important component of artificial intelligence. But the benefits of deep learning and neural networks are not without tradeoffs. Deep learning has several deep challenges and disadvantages in comparison to symbolic AI. To reason effectively, therefore, symbolic AI needs large knowledge bases that have been painstakingly built using human expertise. Neural networks are almost as old as symbolic AI, but they were largely dismissed because they were inefficient and required compute resources that weren’t available at the time. In the past decade, thanks to the large availability of data and processing power, deep learning has gained popularity and has pushed past symbolic AI systems. Also, some tasks can’t be translated to direct rules, including speech recognition and natural language processing. LISP provided the first read-eval-print loop to support rapid program development. Program tracing, stepping, and breakpoints were also provided, along with the ability to change values or functions and continue from breakpoints or errors. It had the first self-hosting compiler, meaning that the compiler itself was originally written in LISP and then ran interpretively to compile the compiler code. Early work covered both applications of formal reasoning emphasizing first-order logic, along with attempts to handle common-sense reasoning in a less formal manner. Despite this, symbolic AI is often integrated with other AI techniques, including neural networks and evolutionary algorithms, to enhance its capabilities and efficiency. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) brings the power of deep neural networks to bear on the generic task of trial-and-error learning, and its effectiveness has been convincingly demonstrated on tasks such as Atari video games and the game of Go. However, contemporary DRL systems inherit a number of shortcomings from the current generation of deep learning techniques. Neuro-symbolic AI emerges as powerful new approach – TechTarget Neuro-symbolic AI emerges as powerful new approach. Posted: Mon, 04 May 2020 07:00:00 GMT [source] “Everywhere we try mixing some of these ideas together, we find that we can create hybrids that are … more than the sum of their parts,” says computational neuroscientist David Cox, IBM’s head of the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts. To think that we can simply abandon symbol-manipulation is to suspend disbelief. Similar axioms would be required for other domain actions to specify what did not change. A simple guide to gradient descent in machine learning Symbolic artificial intelligence is very convenient for settings where the rules are very clear cut,  and you can easily obtain input and transform it into symbols. In fact, rule-based systems still account for most computer programs today, including those used to create deep learning applications. Other ways of handling more open-ended domains included probabilistic reasoning systems and machine learning to learn new concepts and rules. Chat PG McCarthy’s Advice Taker can be viewed as an inspiration here, as it could incorporate new knowledge provided by a human in the form of assertions or rules. For example, experimental symbolic machine learning systems explored the ability to take high-level natural language advice and to interpret it into domain-specific actionable rules. For other AI programming languages see this list of programming languages for artificial intelligence. It doesn’t learn from past games; instead, it follows the rules set by the programmers. Using OOP, you can create extensive and complex symbolic AI programs that perform various tasks. Many of the concepts and tools you find in computer science are the results of these efforts. Symbolic AI programs are https://chat.openai.com/ based on creating explicit structures and behavior rules. When deep learning reemerged in 2012, it was with a kind of take-no-prisoners attitude that has characterized most of the last decade. He gave a talk at an AI workshop at Stanford comparing symbols to aether, one of science’s greatest mistakes. Insofar as computers suffered from the same chokepoints, their builders relied on all-too-human hacks like symbols to sidestep the limits to processing, storage and I/O. For instance, while it can solve straightforward mathematical problems, it struggles with more intricate issues like predicting stock market trends. The automated theorem provers discussed below can prove theorems in first-order logic. In addition, symbolic AI algorithms can often be more easily interpreted by humans, making them more useful for tasks such as planning and decision-making. But adding a small amount of white noise to the image (indiscernible to humans) causes the deep net to confidently misidentify it as a gibbon. Our minds create abstract symbolic representations of objects such as spheres and cubes, for example, and do all kinds of visual and nonvisual reasoning using those symbols. We do this using our biological neural networks, apparently with no dedicated symbolic component

Sober living

Alcoholic Ketoacidosis Smell: Causes and Treatment

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And it’s not always on our breath; it can be released in our sweat and through the pores of our skin. There could be multiple reasons for your boyfriend smelling bad after drinking. Firstly, alcohol consumption can increase sweating, leading to a buildup of Oxford House bacteria and odors on the skin. Identifying Signs That Indicate You Smell Like Alcohol Our body views alcohol as a toxin, so it is sent to the liver to be digested. Due to its toxicity, it needs to be converted to a less harmful form, which is acetic acid. This also explains why drinking on a full stomach, or eating while drinking, reduces the effect of alcohol. If the stomach already has food in it, it slows down the passage of the alcohol into the small intestine. On the flip side, if you’ve witnessed the struggles of someone dealing with alcohol addiction, the smell might feel heavy and sad. It can evoke feelings of worry or disappointment, reminding you of tough times. Alcoholic ketoacidosis is a medical condition that occurs due to excessive alcohol consumption in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. Certain conditions such as hyperhidrosis can cause excessive sweating, which leads to body odor. If the mouth and teeth are not cleaned regularly, the harmful bacteria (along with food debris) can build up and produce a foul odor, Hoss explains. The only real way to eliminate booze breath is to eliminate drinking altogether. Can other people smell alcohol on me? Seeking medical evaluation is crucial to rule out any potential health concerns and ensure appropriate management. It is important to note that smelling like alcohol without consuming it does not necessarily indicate alcohol consumption. Instead, it may be attributed to various other factors, which we will explore in detail. It is essential to approach this topic with open-mindedness, curiosity, and a commitment to uncovering the underlying causes. Just as eating certain foods can cause body odor, so too can drinking alcohol. Alcohol-induced odor is likely to surface when you sweat, which is to be expected when you drink, says Dr. Mayer. Foods and Beverages This may include therapy, education, and support groups, to assist you in understanding the nature of addiction and adopting new coping mechanisms to maintain sobriety. When diagnosing alcoholic ketoacidosis, it’s crucial to consider potential alternative explanations for a patient’s symptoms. Some conditions, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, share similar symptoms and lab results with AKA, making differential diagnosis necessary. Most of the time, this means taking insulin, a medicine to control your blood sugar and stop ketosis from happening. Sometimes, bad breath can be caused by an issue bubbling up from the stomach. Read more about the many positive effects we experience when we stop drinking or cut back on drinking. However, enzymes in the stomach start to act on the alcohol and break it down. Beers may have a yeasty scent while spirits might carry more potent aromas due to their higher alcohol content. Seeking professional addiction treatment is the best step toward long-term recovery sweet smelling breath after drinking alcohol and improved health. If alcohol breath is a persistent issue, it may indicate a serious drinking problem. Alcohol breath occurs when alcohol is metabolized by the body and expelled through the lungs and digestive system. Substance Use Treatment DKA can occur when blood sugar levels become too high and the body begins to break down fat for energy. This process produces chemicals called ketones, which can give off a fruity or acetone-like odor that could potentially be mistaken for alcohol. Recognizing if I smell like alcohol can sometimes be a challenge, especially after a night out or even after consuming just a drink or two. It’s crucial to understand how alcohol metabolizes in the body and how it affects odor. After months or years of being an alcoholic you will be caught and the gossamer fibres of bullshit you have hung around yourself will fall to pieces. When your body doesn’t receive adequate nutrients during episodes of starvation, it relies on stored fat for energy. Finally, anxiety and depression can also cause an individual to feel like they are drunk, even when sober. The flavor of the cough drop is not a significant factor as any cough drop will help mask bad odor. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis Smell: Uncovering Causes and Solutions for Recovery Cough drops are a shady way to cover up alcohol breath, but they can help provide a temporary refresh — for non-shady purposes, of course. It can also smell fruity or sweet, depending on the type of liquor consumed. Excessive alcohol consumption can also cause repeated retching and vomiting, which gives you foul-smelling breath. We can avoid smelling bad by practicing good hygiene, exercising often, staying hydrated, and eliminating or cutting back on alcohol. You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance. As the acetaldehyde exits the body, it releases a distinctive smell from the pores. Another sign that you may be going into ketoacidosis is a lack of appetite. This is because your body is breaking down fat for energy and is not able to effectively use the glucose in your bloodstream as fuel. As a result, you may feel weak and fatigued, and you may have difficulty concentrating or staying focused.

Blog

Product Manager Вакансії Meta

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Get notified about new Senior Configuration Manager jobs in United States. Sign in to set job alerts for “Lead Product Manager” roles. We offer a wide variety of programs and courses built on adaptive curriculum and led by leading industry experts. This is even more true for those without experience in managing AI and machine learning for projects and products. You need to understand how automated systems read your resume. The most popular implementation of AI/ML as it stands in big companies is recommendation algorithms and assisted chat bots. You’ll build high-performing, high-quality products that help our customers connect with their customers in a whole new way. Our Product Manager Certification Program teaches you the skills, strategies, and frameworks you need to tackle the challenges of product development and succeed in your role as a product leader. As the product manager, you play an essential role when things go wrong with your AI product. You must use strategic thinking to adapt your approach and meet the changes and challenges of the continuous learning process head-on. Software Engineer II, Health App Foundations A senior product manager ensures that the product discovery and delivery process is customer-centric, data-driven, and agile. A senior product manager (SPM) is a leader who Software development oversees the development and delivery of products that solve customer problems and create value for the business. An SPM typically has several years of experience in product management, as well as skills in strategy, communication, collaboration, and data analysis. In this article, you will learn about the main responsibilities, challenges, and skills of a senior product manager. An AI product manager role is integral to the successful development and deployment of AI products. PHQ’s AI Product Manager Course is a solid option to help you fortify the skills you need to succeed at AI and manage your product team. They need to have a deep understanding of eCommerce platforms and technologies, and design products that provide a seamless and secure online shopping experience. An understanding of machine learning and AI concepts, along with a track record of managing all aspects of a successful product throughout its lifecycle is also required. Our ideal candidate is someone with a strong background in AI technology and product management, who is able to bridge the gap between technology and business needs. It allows you to present your most relevant skills and experiences without overwhelming the reader. UX Cam shared data indicating that product managers spend as much as 52% of their time on unplanned activities. Productivity Tools that Power Salesforce Engineering Teams We must admit, this is a type of role (mid-to-senior-ish-level) that we don’t usually make guides for– but the requests have been overwhelming! Join our Talent Community and be the first to know about open roles, career tips, events happening near you, and much more. We care about you (yes, you!) thriving inside and outside of work, and we offer world-class benefits for our employees and their loved ones around the globe. And Senior Product Manager (AI product) job great news — you can get a sneak peek of our benefits right now via our Benefits Site. Engineer more than software. Educational courses and programs assist you with developing your strategic thinking and risk management skills. Don’t be afraid to take steps to improve your strategic abilities on your own. Try to get into the habit of thinking ahead in the product lifecycle and imagining possible problems that appear. This guide serves to break down the key skills that you must master to succeed as an AI product manager. AI Product Manager Qualifications and Skills The product delivery process includes defining the requirements, writing user stories, managing the backlog, and collaborating with the engineers and designers to build and launch the product. A senior product manager leads the product discovery and delivery process, which involves identifying, validating, and prioritizing the problems and opportunities that the product can address. Such professionals may have honed their skills in roles like Senior AI Analyst or AI Product Lead. Candidates with this unique blend of skills are relatively rare, making the recruitment process competitive. Once again, knowledge of ML models and real-world AI applications is not enough. Make sure to place them in a dedicated skills section on your resume to help pass through Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) that scan for relevant keywords. Explore our latest job listings and help us build the future of business with CRM + AI + Data + Trust. Visa’s AI/ML Platform team is leading innovation in the payment processing industry. The job market is buzzing with opportunities and talented professionals, so I wanted to help simplify the process for everyone. Below, you’ll find three standout AI-related job openings paired with exceptional candidates I’ve carefully selected. Executive AI Product Manager in Finance We’d be kidding if we didn’t mention it is rare to see this role not listed as a senior position. Creating a resume for an AI product manager role can be tough. This article gives you proven resume examples and strategic advice. Learn how to highlight your AI skills, showcase product management experience, and use industry-specific terms to stand out. Well, here at Salesforce, the #1 AI CRM — it can.Our Technology & Product teams are building the future of business through CRM + AI + Data + Trust. Guided by our core values, they create cutting-edge, AI-first technologies that connect the world and strengthen relationships between customers and communities. Their ability to interpret complex data, define strategic visions, and manage diverse teams sets the foundation for innovation and competitive advantage in the AI industry. Your typical day with us will involve leading frontend, backend, and AI/ML engineering teams to deliver a multi-Agent AI platform. You’ll be working closely with business teams and customers to understand how AI can be utilized to address key pain points and deliver excellent user experiences in commerce. Additionally, you will be responsible for setting the vision for our AI Agent system, defining AI

Cryptocurrency exchange

Sponge price today, $SPONGE to USD live price, marketcap and chart

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Otherwise, they can simply fade away like the 100’s of the small cap coins which are launched on DEX exchanges. The second version of the $SPONGE token can only be purchased on the official website using ETH from eToro. However, there are plans to list the tokens on decentralized exchanges (DEX) and centralized exchanges (CEX) in the near future. Pros and Cons of Buying Sponge V2 Token in 2023 You can use their browser extension on your desktop or download the mobile application on your smartphone. It has successfully rallied community support with strategic marketing tactics to reward early investors. Hence, we won’t be surprised if SpongeV2 follows the same path. V2 tokens will continue to be released from the locked V1 tokens for the next four years. SpongeV2 tokens will come through the stake-to-bridge approach. SPONGE V2 Tokenomics In recent months the cryptocurrency market has seen immense popularity, with the growing interest creating price spikes across many popular cryptos. Historically, the bullish market sentiment creates demand for not only the mainstream crypto tokens, but also the vast array of meme coins. Most recently the likes of PEPE, BONK and BOB have seen exponential growth, outperforming the majority of top market cap coins. During the last year, another popular meme coin called SPONGE became one of the biggest meme coins of 2023, giving early contributors a 100x gain. How to create a MetaMask wallet This token is simply paying homage to a meme we all love and recognise.$SPONGEV2 is a meme coin with no intrinsic value or expectation of financial return. The coin is completely useless and for entertainment purposes only. On the centralized exchanges the only pairing with SPONGE is USDT which means that users will need to either deposit or purchase USDT to make the swap. The card payment feature is provided by a web3 payment on-ramp provider. Fees here can be slightly higher depending on the payment gateway rates for the exchange. You will be able to access your V2 tokens once the stale-to-bridge phase is over. When you buy V1 tokens, they will automatically be sent to the staking pool. You will then receive regular V2 token payments as a reward for locking up your SPONGE. Most recently the likes of PEPE, BONK and BOB have seen exponential growth, outperforming the majority of top market cap coins. If security is your top concern, you can withdraw your Sponge ($SPONGE) to a non-custodial wallet. Begin by signing up for an account on eToro if you still need to get one. Before you can buy $SPONGE tokens, you will need to fund your crypto wallet with crypto tokens. Excitingly, the developers have unveiled their ambitious vision for a play-to-earn game, offering investors an interactive opportunity to earn additional Sponge V2 tokens. Although, past performance is not indicative of future results, many meme coins will go through cycles with the price fluctuating at any given times. Usually when a meme coin has flatlined, meme enthusiasts will flock to the token and create positive community engagement across crypto group chats and X (crypto Twitter). The purpose of best white label brokerage providers 2025 SPONGE V2 is primarily a revamp of the SPONGE V1 project with extra features and added utility. The stake-to-bridge function concept should successfully migrate all tokens holders of SPONGE V1 to the V2 tokens. The added features include staking rewards and a new bespoke play-to-earn game. SPONGE V2 is slightly different in that the mechanism to obtain V2 tokens is to own and stake the V1 tokens. Sponge V2 has not been listed on any exchanges, including Coinbase. Yes, Sponge V2 is a legitimate project developed by the same team of innovative individuals behind its predecessor. Etherscan.io data confirms the presence of over 11,600 unique holders, which indicates significant interest and participation from the crypto ecosystem. Additionally, the project boasts an engaged and active community on various social platforms, including X (Twitter). These factors contribute to the credibility and potential of Sponge V2. Users can also opt for a number of other centralized exchanges such as Gate.io, BitMart cryptocurrency investing bible and Bitget in order to purchase SPONGE tokens. There are 3 main ways to obtain SPONGE tokens, however, qualifying for the extra bonus requires users to purchase SPONGE from the official website. Alternatively, users can obtain SPONGE from both centralized and decentralized exchanges. Sponge V2 token is a new meme coin that has attracted the attention of crypto investors online. Before learning how to buy the token in 2025, here is an overview of the SPONGEV2 project. Sponge Coin Tokenomics The next step is to swap ETH for $SPONGE via the official website. You will need to select the token that you wish to buy $SPONGE with, enter the amount that you would like to swap and then confirm the transaction. Those who invested early in 2023 earned 100x their investments. Get the latest crypto news and trading insights with the CoinMarketCap education portal. The project also announced that the contract is renounced and the first wallet is locked. Having a fair distribution of tokens is important to ensure that meme coin creates a liquid market where anyone is able to buy or sell the tokens without creating a dump effect. We cover various topics surrounding the cryptocurrency markets from exchanges, tokens across different categories, web3 innovations and some of the most sought after presales. In order to provide reliable information to readers we ensure that our experts test out platforms. Our Review Process to Ensure Reliable Information Find a reputable crypto wallet browser extension or download the wallet on your smartphone. Create or import an existing crypto wallet address to store, send, and receive crypto and NFTs. Sponge V2 has no association with Nickelodeon or their creation SpongeBob SquarePants. That offers a pool to draw from when the marketing run intensifies. The big question every investor asks remains; “is Sponge worth investing in? ” Meme tokens have held sway for a while, especially those

Cryptocurrency service

Koda Cryptocurrency KODA Exchanges Where to Buy,Sell,Trade

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Through strategic developments, community engagement, and a focus on security, Koda is poised to continue its growth and innovation in the evolving digital asset landscape. For every buy and sell a % of the fee is split amongst all the holders. Staking is similair to earning a dividend from a stock but it can be a confusing topic. Like all small cryptos, the price potential is enormous for Koda Coin. If the token were to grow and be listed on other major exchanges, this would provide higher liquidity, and potentially even triple-digit (or quadruple-digit) returns. Deposits can be made via credit/debit card, bank transfer, and e-wallets – with PayPal being fully supported. Similar Coins to Koda Cryptocurrency This commitment to fostering a trustworthy ecosystem was recognized finest white label crypto exchange when Koda was awarded the title of the most trusted cryptocurrency at the Dubai Crypto Expo in 2021. Its focus on trust, education, and ease of use aims to attract and retain a committed user base, contributing to its long-term viability and success. Staking, on the other hand, offers a more active form of participation. By locking up their tokens, users can earn passive rewards, similar to dividends in traditional finance. The best place to store the crypto you have bought is in wallets outside the exchange. For some exchanges there is depth percent it shows how much liquidity is available, live bids 2% up or down from the current price. Koda Cryptocurrency emerges as a digital asset designed to address the challenges of trust and stability in the decentralized finance (DeFi) and Binance Smart Chain (BSC) spaces. Fund your account with at least $10 using a credit card, debit how to send litecoin to nano s card, bank transfer, or e-wallet (such as PayPal or Neteller). Transactions typically take a few minutes to be processed, thanks to the efficient blockchain technology used by Koda Cryptocurrency. Yes, many exchanges will allow you to purchase Koda Cryptocurrency using USD or other fiat currencies. May 13, 2021, Koda Finance (KODA) token launched on the Binance Coin platform. The platform has transitioned to Koda Coin, the native token for SummitSwap. Thanks to the rise of DeFi, Koda Coin will be ideal for investors looking to generate higher yields than they’d get in the traditional banking system. Getting Started with Koda Cryptocurrency This is evident in their decision to lock liquidity and burn team tokens, actions that are designed to build confidence among investors and users. Entering the world of cryptocurrencies can be exciting and somewhat intimidating. Koda Cryptocurrency, or as it is often referred to, Coda Coin, offers a unique opportunity for investors looking to diversify their digital assets. This article will guide you through everything you need to know about purchasing Koda Cryptocurrency, from understanding what it is to making your first buy. Finally, the unique staking model offered by Koda Coin will provide flexible rewards for the people that hold the token. Although a specific APY has not been noted yet, staking rewards tend to be much higher than the rates set by traditional banks, making Koda Coin an excellent investment for passive income. Thanks to the rise of blockchain technology and decentralised finance (DeFi), many exciting new cryptocurrencies are launching every month. One crypto that has caught the media’s attention in recent months is Koda Coin – with many investors looking to buy Koda Coin in the hope of generating outsized returns. The underlying technology powering Coda Coin holds the key to revolutionizing our interactions with the digital world, offering unparalleled opportunities for innovation and advancement. Starting your venture with Koda cryptocurrency involves a series of crucial steps aimed at ensuring a seamless and secure experience. Koda Cryptocurrency employs a multifaceted security approach to ensure the safety and integrity of its network and transactions. This digital asset, which operates on the Binance Smart Chain, integrates advanced blockchain technology to create a secure and decentralized platform. The security measures in place include multi-factor authentication, which adds an why cant i open a long position on cryptocurrency extra layer of security by requiring more than one form of verification before granting access to the user’s account. KuCoin serves as the custodian of your crypto assets to help you avoid the hassle of securing your private keys on your own. The current CoinMarketCap ranking is #7072, with a live market cap of not available. There are undoubtedly exciting things ahead for Koda Coin, making it one of the top cryptos to consider for the weeks and months ahead. Additionally, 68% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. Koda Cryptocurrency Price Chart US Dollar (KODA/USD) Type the name of the crypto you’d like to purchase into the search bar and click ‘Trade’ when it appears. Enter your desired position size into the order box and click ‘Open Trade’. Although you cannot buy Koda Coin on eToro yet, there’s always scope for it to be added in the future. If this happens, found below are the four quick steps to take to buy crypto with eToro. Top exchanges where I can buy Koda Cryptocurrency? For some exchanges there is depth percent it shows how much liquidity is available, live bids 2% up or down from the current price. The top spot exchange by buy/sell volume for the last 24h is PancakeSwap (V2) with wbnb trading pair. During this period, 4,868,873,228.70 KODA were exchanged, with a trading volume of 1.7 thousand dollars. Showing market cap and how it’s compared to different cryptocurrencies. X2,x10, etc. means if the price of Koda Cryptocurrency (KODA) will multiply by x2,x10, etc how much market cap it will have, and how it will compare then to the same coins. In summary, Koda Cryptocurrency’s journey is marked by its efforts to enhance trust, education, and ease of use within the blockchain and DeFi spaces. This article has highlighted how to buy Koda Coin in 2022, covering the top platforms and presenting our analysis on where

Форекс Брокеры

ВВП в 2025 году: что это, как его считать и зачем нужен этот показатель в экономике

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Работы по измерению объёма национального производства начал в 1930-е годы экономист Саймон Кузнец в Министерстве торговли США. Первые оценки национального дохода сделаны Кузнецом в 1934 году. В этой работе впервые появились счета национального дохода и продукта. Кузнец пересчитал счета национального дохода США до 1869 года. Впервые доклад о национальном доходе и производстве за период 1929—1935 годов был представлен Конгрессу США в 1937 году. Для чего используется показатель ВВП ВВП в нынешнем виде появился в 1930-х годах, а уже в следующем десятилетии стал стандартом для оценки экономики страны. Для более объективного сравнения разных стран по данному показателю используют ВВП на душу населения, рассчитанный по ППС. В реальном ВВП учитывается, в какой степени рост ВВП https://fxtrend.org/ определяется реальным ростом производства, а не ростом цен3. Для этого стоимость товаров и услуг рассчитывают в ценах того года, с которым сравнивают показатель. Например, ВВП за 2023 год в текущих ценах — 172 трлн рублей. А в сравнении с базисным 2021 годом — 138,9 трлн рублей. Во Франции в 2008 году создали специальную комиссию по измерению эффективности экономики и социального прогресса. Сравнение ВВП России и других стран По мнению критиков, рост ВВП в современном мире стал чем-то вроде «магической формулы» для решения всех проблем. А в сравнении с базисным 2021 годом — 138,9 трлн рублей. При этом добавленная стоимость оценивается как разность между доходом предприятия и материальными затратами и не включает косвенных налогов, уплачиваемых с продукции (услуг). Вместе с тем аналитики регулятора предполагают, что, несмотря на дорогие кредиты, устойчивый рост инвестиционного спроса в России продолжится. Также ВВП можно рассчитать как общий доход граждан, компаний и государства за определенный период. Впервые это понятие было предложено в 1934 году Саймоном Кузнецом. Так, в 2023 году паритет покупательной способности в России составил 26,7 ₽ за 1 $. Это означает, что на одинаковое количество товаров и услуг россиянин потратит 2670 ₽, а американец — 100 $. По итогам 2023 года номинальный ВВП России составил 172,1 трлн рублей. Если Центробанк руководствуется своими оценками при определении ключевой ставки, то данные Минэка служат опорой для правительства при разработке и реализации бюджета страны. Кроме ВВП для всего государства отдельно рассчитывают ВВП на душу населения. В 2026 году темпы роста все еще будут невысокими — в пределах 1—2%. Реальный ВВП учитывает только изменение объемов производства. Валовой внутренний продукт До 1991 года базовым показателем в макроэкономических исследованиях был валовой национальный продукт. ВВП стал основным индикатором для совместимости с системой национальных счетов Организации Объединённых Наций. ВВП России по ППС в 2023 году составил 6,45 трлн долларов. А при расчете по текущему курсу валют — более чем втрое меньше. Кроме того, страны сравниваются по показателю ВВП на душу населения. ВВП России и других стран По мнению критиков, рост ВВП в современном мире стал чем-то вроде «магической формулы» для решения всех проблем. Ван ден Берг (2009)9 приходит к выводу, что «поддержка этого индикатора не имеет хорошего обоснования, скорее она основана на догме, или, в лучшем случае, на привычке». Потенциальный ВВП — это ВВП при полной занятости, он отражает потенциальные возможности экономики. Разница между фактическим и потенциальным ВВП называется разрывом ВВП. Чистый национальный продукт — валовый национальный продукт после вычета амортизации. Международные организации не заглядывают так далеко, а ограничиваются в своих прогнозах 2025 годом. ВВП по доходам Часто ВВП сравнивают по паритету покупательной способности — это соотношение двух валют исходя из цен на одинаковые товары в двух странах. Номинальный ВВП учитывает стоимость всех произведенных товаров и услуг в текущих рыночных ценах. Он зависит от того, как меняется индекс цен и доходов в экономике. Если в стране инфляция — номинальный ВВП растет, даже если объемы производства остаются на том же уровне, ведь произведенные товары и услуги просто стали стоить дороже. МВФ предполагает, что ВВП России в 2024 году вырастет на 3,2%, а в 2025 — на 1,5%. Например, считается, что экономика России основана на добыче полезных ископаемых — в первую очередь нефти и газа. Но если посмотреть на структуру ВВП в 2023 году, то окажется, что самую большую долю занимают обрабатывающие производства — 13,7%. Фактический ВВП — это ВВП при неполной занятости, который отражает реализованные возможности экономики. С нарастанием кризисных явлений в мировой экономике в начале 2008 г. При ООН была создана международная Комиссия под председательством нобелевского лауреата Дж. Учёные кафедры политической экономии экономического факультета МГУ имени М. Основной, базовый, сценарий предполагает замедление роста ВВП с 3,5—4,0% в 2024 году до 0,5—1,5% в 2025. Экономический рост будет сдерживать высокая ключевая ставка, которой Центробанк пытается снизить инфляцию. Вместе с тем аналитики регулятора предполагают, что, несмотря на дорогие кредиты, устойчивый рост инвестиционного спроса в России продолжится. Это изменит структуру ВВП, в котором вырастет доля инвестиций. Чтобы сравнить экономики разных стран, необходимо рассчитать ВВП в единой методике. Некоторые из них, в частности Индикатор mmcis investments в украине и россии подлинного прогресса и Чистые накопления10 также основаны на системе национальных счетов и выражаются в денежной форме. Валовый национальный продукт (англ. Gross National Product, англ. Gross National Income). В 2026 году темпы роста все еще будут невысокими — в пределах 1—2%. А к 2027 экономике удастся вернуться на траекторию сбалансированного роста в диапазоне 1,5—2,5%. При расчете дефлятора учитывают только продукцию, которая произведена в стране, поэтому получается внутренняя инфляция. Росстат использует термин «ВВП, цена бид и аск на форекс рассчитанный методом использования доходов». Чаще всего с помощью него оценивают, насколько хорошо или плохо обстоят дела в экономике. При расчёте ВВП не учитывается теневая экономика, в результате чего показатели экономического роста могут существенно занижаться. Данная формула характеризует ВВП по доходам в системе национальных счетов ООН (версия 2008 года). Сделать теневую экономику легальной — выводить из тени самозанятых, бороться с зарплатами в конвертах и так далее. Его рассчитывают как ВВП плюс доходы, полученные гражданами страны из-за границы, минус доходы, вывезенные иностранцами. Кроме ВВП для всего государства отдельно рассчитывают ВВП на душу населения. Он равен значению ВВП, поделенному на количество жителей страны. В России часто используют еще один показатель — валовой региональный продукт, или ВРП. Его значение показывает, сколько товаров и услуг произведено в конкретном регионе. ВВП по добавленной стоимости (производственный метод) Потенциальный валовой внутренний продукт — это ВВП, который получится при полной занятости населения и использовании всех технологических ресурсов. Разница между фактическим и потенциальным ВВП называется разрывом ВВП. По добавленной стоимости — показывает, на какую сумму произведено продукции. Росстат использует термин «ВВП, при расчете производственным методом». По доходам — показывает, сколько денег заработано в стране.

Forex Trading

Lime Fx Review 2025: Read Before You Trade

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However, the website recommends maintaining a $100 balance in your account to have a financial backup in case your trade goes sideways. Your deposit is likely to arrive in your trading account in around 1-3 hours after depositing, depending on your payment method. However, your bank or intermediary financial institution might do so. To limit fees on currency conversions, it’s recommended that you open a trading account in the currency that you use the most. Otherwise, you can directly start with a real trading account, where you can directly start trading using real money. You can also switch the real trading account to a demo account at any time, from your personal area once your account is verified. All information on 55brokers.com is only published for general information purposes. We do not present any investment advice or guarantees for the accuracy and reliability of the information. Opening an account with Lime Fx is a relatively straightforward process. The spread for all available currency pairs offered by Lime Fx – including major, minor and exotic pairs are listed in the table below. Lime Fx offers 33+ forex pairs, inclusive of majors (the EUR/USD pair, GBP/USD, USD/JPY), minors (EUR/GBP, GBP/CAD, AUD/CAD) and other exotic pairs. Clients are allowed to trade their favorites, and at that, with low spreads. Lime Fx provides various special tools and features that improve the trading experience outside of traditional platforms and typicall tools provided by the research avialable on site. Here are few more additonal features that are available aminly on Intrrnational branch. Research tools provided by Lime Fx include a well-detailed economic calendar which keeps you updated with all significant economic events and how they may impact you. First off, you will notice when you are trading at Lime Fx that the broker website has a huge FAQ section which in itself covers a range of topics with dozens of answers to the most common questions. It also provides for detailed analysis with market reports and more to offer. During this period you will be featured on a leaderboard for your virtual trades with the aim to reach the top where real prizes of up to $1,000 withdrawable money on MT4. https://limefx.biz/ Overall, this is an excellent hybrid combination that can secure the best market prices, lowest spreads, and fastest trade execution. These licenses do not include any compensation scheme, and if the broker goes bankrupt, there are no guarantees for you to get your money back. The tools include a profit calculator where you can accurately calculate your returns after deducting the spread or other fees, an economic calendar, and a trading terms glossary. You can read market insights that are available using the app, and you can conduct any deposit/withdrawal using several payment methods that are used worldwide. How are Execution, leverage and position sizing with Lime Fx? To change the leverage on Lime Fx, users first have to login to their trading account. Set a new leverage by clicking on the leverage ratio in the primary account section, choose preferred new leverage and press the change button to save. No, the broker does not offer real shares as part of its trading instruments. You can access the broker’s copy trading service by downloading the copytrading app. The broker’s login process begins with a visit to the official site, Lime Fx.com, on desktop or a click of their app on mobile. These resources are crucial for developing a solid foundation in trading principles and practices. In our review, the execution quality was positive across all accounts. Entry and exit orders were executed as intended, with only minor slippage observed. JustMarkets Trading There are other broker platforms that charge zero pips and low or zero commissions. However, these pricing structures often come with other costs, such as high inactivity fees. We didn’t give Lime Fx a high score for customer service for one simple reason. Their customer support team is available through live chat, email, and social media. Overview of Trading Platforms First, we were greeted by a chatbot that provided us with answers to FAQs. Later we asked a few trading-related questions to customer support agents and received swift and professional responses. What’s more, you can send the broker an email, call or request a phone call. Offering outstanding customer support is vitally important for any organization that provides services to a large pool of customers. Lime Fx understands this simple truth and provides clients with a professional and friendly team of customer service specialists. Islamic Account: The broker offers reasonable times to process your deposit and withdrawals. MetaTrader 5 is indeed a high-capacity trading terminal that comes bundled with many advanced functions. You simply start following some pro trader you’ve picked, and Lime Fx CopyTrading app automatically copies their trades. According to data, traders using Lime Fx’s educational content tend to make a larger profit which is indeed a benefit. Coming to assets, the company offers a wide array of tradable assets, allowing clients to pick their favorites and suitable ones for trading. To change the language of the MT5 app, you must change the language for your entire phone. As with the desktop and web platforms, the interface is not highly intuitive, but the MT5 app offers an above-average range of features. In terms of tools, traders can choose the most convenient platform among Lime Fx Trader, MT4, and MT5. With the mobile Lime Fx app, you can manage all accounts without downloading MT4 and MT5 on your phone. However, not all platforms have the same instruments available for trading. Lime Fx offers trading accounts denominated exclusively in US Dollars (USD). Lime Fx Pros and Cons We also take an in-depth look at each broker’s commissions and fees, such as bid/ask spreads – including the average spread data for some of the most popular forex currency pairs. We research other trading costs, such as inactivity or custody fees, minimum deposit requirements, VIP rebates and/or discounts, and a range of other important

Forex Trading

Options Explained: In the Money vs Out of the Money Essentials

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Since an option contract has a set expiration date, the opportunity for a buyer to make a profit from speculating on the price moves in the underlying is limited by this period. The value of that opportunity is often calculated based on how much time is left before expiration, the more time, the greater the value. In layman’s terms, the concept of in the money vs out of the money comes down to whether the price of the underlying security is above or below the option’s strike price. A put option is unprofitable when the strike price is below the current stock market value. Donald Trump picks the wrong trade fight with China In general, in-the-money options will cost more than out-of-the-money options, but they also tend to be more stable and have a higher chance of expiring in the money. Out-of-the-money options are less expensive, but they’re also more volatile and have a lower chance of expiring in the money. Mutual Fund, Mutual Fund-SIP are not Exchange traded products, and the Member is just acting as distributor. What does it mean to exercise an option? That makes this type of option cheaper to obtain but riskier as an investment. WallStreetZen does not bear any responsibility for any losses or damage that may occur as a result of reliance on this data. OTM options have no intrinsic value and ITM options have some intrinsic value. That means ITM option prices are more sensitive to the moves of the underlying security. The typical price fluctuation of a security is the next most common influence on extrinsic value. Joe Soucheray: No other governor has tried to pull off this pathetic budget stunt But how this is measured depends on whether you’re talking about a call option or a put option. By mastering these concepts and considering moneyness in your trading strategy, you can enhance your chances of success and mitigate unnecessary risks. Once the rate change is fully phased in, the middle class tax cut will deliver hundreds of dollars in average savings to three out of every four taxpayers in the state. EToro is a multi-asset platform which offers both investing in stocks and cryptoassets, as well as trading xtb review CFDs. Mortgage rates have risen substantially over recent years, meaning that those remortgaging or buying a home face higher costs. This is due to falling mortgage rates as well as lenders relaxing their affordability rules and allowing buyers to borrow more. In the money options carry a higher premium than out of the money options, because of the time value issue discussed above. Wage rises are slowing, and there are fewer jobs on offer as employers grapple with higher costs, official figures show. Knowing the difference between the two and when an option is in the money or out of the money matters when deciding whether or not to exercise options. Specifically, it can determine whether you’re able to turn a profit when trading options. Options trading is a key component of modern financial markets, providing investors with tools to manage risk or profit from price movements. Again, whether an option is out of the money can depend on whether it’s a call or put option. With call options, the contract is out of the money if the underlying asset’s current price is below the strike price. In that situation, it wouldn’t make much sense to exercise the option because the price you’d pay for the underlying asset, i.e. the strike price, is above what the asset is trading for. Join the Morpher Newsletter Any reproduction, review, retransmission, or any other use is prohibited. Stock options still in the black will be automatically exercised when they expire. SmartAsset Advisors, LLC (“SmartAsset”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Financial Insight Technology, is registered with the U.S. OTM options are rarely exercised, as doing so would result in a loss relative to the market price. Time value simply means the amount of time remaining before an option expires. Similarly, the status of being out of the money does not indicate that the option trade is profitable or not for the trader. A trader can buy or sell OTM options and make or lose money on them, even while they’re still out of the money. Importantly, the status of being in the money does not indicate whether the option trade is profitable or not for the trader. A trader can buy or sell ITM options and make or lose money on them, even while they’re still in the money. She is a Today Show and Publisher’s Weekly-featured author who has written or ghostwritten 10+ books on a wide variety of topics, ranging from day trading to unicorns to plant care. Most brokers require that prospective options traders fill out a form testifying that they have the financial resources and the basic knowledge required to trade options. There are higher levels of tests to pass before an investor can engage in the more esoteric varieties of options trading. Professional option sellers, also known as option market makers, will increase their prices as they see more buy orders for either calls or puts on a security. They may not know what is driving the orders, but they know that they can raise prices simply because there are a larger number of enthusiastic buyers in the market. The greater the demand, the higher the price an option seller will set. An ITM option is one with a strike price that has already been surpassed by the current stock price. Related content The FY 2026 Budget includes Governor Hochul’s plan to send New York’s first-ever inflation refund checks, which will put $2 billion back in the pockets of over 8 million New York taxpayers. Later this year, New York State will send direct payments to everyday New Yorkers. The FY 2026 Budget includes Governor Hochul’s plan to cut taxes for more than 75 percent of all tax filers in New York. This huge win will deliver nearly $1 billion annually in

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